The Relationship Between Physical Activity Levels, Nutritional Status, and Preschool Child Development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54832/phj.v7i1.1009Keywords:
Physical activity, nutritional status, child development, and preschool children.Abstract
Introduction:The preschool a long time are a basic stage in a child's advancement. Agreeing to the World Wellbeing Organization (WHO, 2021), the predominance of formative clutters is higher in moo- and middle-income nations. In Indonesia, the child improvement list stands at 88.3%, which is lower than Thailand (93%) and Laos (89%) . Furthermore, around 6.5 million out of 22 million children under five are not monitored for growth and development. Both growth and development are closely interrelated, with factors like physical activity and nutritional status playing key roles in ensuring optimal development. Objective: This consider points to analyze the relationship between physical movement levels, wholesome status, and child improvement in preschool-aged children . Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at a Posyandu (community health center) with 82 children who met the inclusion criteria. Purposive sampling was used. Data were collected through a 24-hour physical activity recall, anthropometric measurements (weight and height) to assess nutritional status, and the Pre-Screening Developmental Questionnaire (KPSP) to evaluate child development. Results: Spearman's test uncovered a noteworthy relationship between physical movement and child improvement (P = 0.001, r = 0.380), as well as a more grounded relationship between wholesome status and child improvement (P = 0.001, r = 0.610). Conclusion: Higher levels of physical action and way better dietary status are emphatically related with age-appropriate child improvement. These discoveries highlight the significance of advancing physical action and appropriate sustenance for supporting ideal improvement in preschool-aged children.
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References
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Chen, D., Huang, Y., Swain, A., Yang, X., & Yu, J. (2021). Analysis of Trend and Associated Factors of Neuropsychological Development of Infants and Toddlers Based on Longitudinal Data. Children, 8(10), 866. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8100866
Cohen. (2015). Physical Activity and Skills Intervention. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(4), 765–774. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000452
Dinkes Kota Surabaya. (2020). Profil Kesehatan Surabaya 2020. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Surabaya, 49–58.
Fauzi, Y. A. (2014). Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Perkembangan Balita Usia 1-5 Tahun (Di Posyandu Dempok Utara Kecamatan Diwek Jombang). 15, 2–7.
Fraser, B. J., Schmidt, M. D., Huynh, Q. L., Dwyer, T., Venn, A. J., & Magnussen, C. G. (2017). Tracking of muscular strength and power from youth to young adulthood: Longitudinal findings from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(10), 927–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.021
Gao, Z., Lee, J. E., Zeng, N., Pope, Z. C., Zhang, Y., & Li, X. (2019). Home-Based Exergaming on Preschoolers’ Energy Expenditure, Cardiovascular Fitness, Body Mass Index and Cognitive Flexibility: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(10), 1745. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101745
Georgieff, M. K., Ramel, S. E., & Cusick, S. E. (2018). Nutritional influences on brain development. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 107(8), 1310–1321. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14287
Gunasekaran, L. (2023). Understanding the Child Nervous System: Development and Functions. https://www.asterhospitals.in/blogs-events-news/aster-medcity-kochi/understanding-child-nervous-system-development-and-functions
Hanifah, L., Kartini, F., & Ratnaningsih, S. (2024). Faktor–Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perkembangan Balita Di Wilayah Puskesmas Sibela Surakarta. Jurnal Kebidanan Indonesia, 15(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.36419/jki.v15i1.998
Indriati, R., & Murpambudi, Y. K. (2016). Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Perkembangan Anak USia 1-5 Tahun di Posyandu Desa Sirnoboyo Kabupaten Wonogiri. KOSALA : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.37831/jik.v4i1.83
Jiang, F., Li, G., Ji, W., Zhang, Y., Wu, F., Hu, Y., Zhang, W., Manza, P., Tomasi, D., Volkow, N. D., Gao, X., Wang, G.-J., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Obesity is associated with decreased gray matter volume in children: a longitudinal study. Cerebral Cortex, 33(7), 3674–3682. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac300
Kemenkes. (2014). Pemantauan Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan, dan Gangguan Tumbuh Kembang Anak. Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 1524, 365.
Kemenkes. (2020). Tentang Antopometri Anak. Kementerian Kesehatan, 8(75), 147–154.
Kemenkes RI. (2022). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2021. In Pusdatin.Kemenkes.Go.Id.
Maharani, H., Tarigan, R., & Sari, N. M. (2019). Gambaran Tumbuh Kembang Anak pada Periode Emas Usia 0-24 Bulan di Posyandu Wilayah Kecamatan Jatinangor. Jurnal Sistem Kesehatan, 4(3), 96–101.
Mandolesi, L., Polverino, A., Montuori, S., Foti, F., Ferraioli, G., Sorrentino, P., & Sorrentino, G. (2018). Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Functioning and Wellbeing: Biological and Psychological Benefits. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 509. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00509
Meijer, A., Königs, M., Vermeulen, G. T., Visscher, C., Bosker, R. J., Hartman, E., & Oosterlaan, J. (2020). The effects of physical activity on brain structure and neurophysiological functioning in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100828
Mercadante, A. A., & Tadi, P. (2023). Neuroanatomy, Gray Matter. StatPearls Publishing. https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.translate.goog/books/NBK553239/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=sge
Sari, E. P. (2018). Status Gizi dengan Perkembangan Anak Usia Prasekolah. Adi Husada Nursing Journal, 4(2), 7–10.
Septikasari, M. (2018). Buku Status Gizi Anak & Faktor yang mempengaruhi. Rineka Cipta.
Shao, X., Tan, L. H., & He, L. (2022). Physical activity and exercise alter cognitive abilities, and brain structure and activity in obese children. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1019129
Suhartanti, I., Rufaida, Z., Setyowati, W., & Ariyanti, F. W. (2019). Stimulasi Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Pra Sekolah. In E-Book Penerbit STIKes Majapahit.
Susilowati, L., Susanti, D., Lutfiyati, A., & Hutasoit, M. (2022). Deteksi Dini Gangguan Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anak Usia Prasekolah di Tk Islam Sunan Gunung Jati. Journal of Innovation in Community Empowerment, 4(1), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.30989/jice.v4i1.697
Ulfa, I. L., Anggari, R. S., & Nuzula, F. (2022). Status Gizi pada Anak Pra Sekolah: Peran Pola Asuh Orang Tua. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Rustida, 9(2), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.55500/jikr.v9i2.156
UNICEF. (2023). Development Status. UNICEF. https://data.unicef.org/topic/early-childhood-development/development-status/
Verswijveren, S. J. J. M., Wiebe, S. A., Rahman, A. A., Kuzik, N., & Carson, V. (2020). Longitudinal associations of sedentary time and physical activity duration and patterns with cognitive development in early childhood. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 19, 100340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100340
WHO. (2020). Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. In Routledge Handbook of Youth Sport. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128
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Published
2025-01-23
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Helen Lucky Maharani, Ahmad Suryawan, & Widati Fatmaningrum. (2025). The Relationship Between Physical Activity Levels, Nutritional Status, and Preschool Child Development . PROFESSIONAL HEALTH JOURNAL, 7(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.54832/phj.v7i1.1009
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