Identification of Antibacterial Compounds in Methanol Extract of Clove Stems (Syzygium aromaticum) using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54832/phj.v6i2.897Keywords:
Antibacterial activty, Inhibition zone, LCMS, Paper disc, SpicesAbstract
Introduction: Clove is well-known as an herbal plant that is also included in the spice group which is known to have an antibacterial activity spread across the stems, leaves, and flowers.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the antibacterial compounds that are found in the methanol extract of clove stems and the antibacterial activity of clove stem extract against Bacillus cereus.
Methods: We used Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) method to identify the antibacterial compounds, and used the paper disc method (Kirby Bauer) for antibacterial test with clove stem extract concentrations of 30%, 50%, and 70%, positive control of Amoxicillin at a dose of 0.5 mg/ml, also a negative control of sterile aquadest.
Results: The results showed four antibacterial compounds in the extract, namely (+)-Licarin A, 4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid_1, Eckol, and Leucodelphinidin. Methanol extract of clove stems at the concentrations of 30%, 50%, and 70% inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus significantly (p <0.05). The concentration of 30% was categorized as quite sensitive, meanwhile, both 50% and 70% were categorized as sensitive.
Conclusions: In conclusion, four compounds with antibacterial properties were found in the methanol extract of clove stems based on LCMS analysis, and supported by the results of antibacterial tests which showed the formation of an inhibition zone in the clove stem extract against the growth of Bacillus cereus.
Downloads
References
Bottone, E. J. (2010). Bacillus cereus, a volatile human pathogen. In Clinical Microbiology Reviews (Vol. 23, Issue 2, pp. 382–398). https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00073-09
Cahyono, B., & Ngadiwiyono, dan. (2012). Rancang Bangun dan Uji Alat Proses Peningkatan Minyak Cengkeh pada Klaster Minyak Atsiri Kabupaten Batang. 10, 64–69. http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ilmulingkungan
Chee, H. Y., & Lee, M. H. (2017). Antifungal Activity of Clove Essential Oil and its Volatile Vapour Against Dermatophytic Fungi. Mycobiology, 35(4), 241–243.
Choi, J.-G., Kang, O.-H., Brice, O.-O., Lee, Y.-S., Chae, H.-S., Oh, Y.-C., Sohn, D.-H., Park, H., Choi, H.-G., Kim, S.-G., Shin, D.-W., & Kwon, D.-Y. (2010). Antibacterial Activity of Ecklonia cava Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 7(4), 435–441.
Donadio, G., Mensitieri, F., Santoro, V., Parisi, V., Bellone, M. L., De Tommasi, N., Izzo, V., & Piaz, F. D. (2021). Interactions with microbial proteins driving the antibacterial activity of flavonoids. Pharmaceutics, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050660
Gülçin, Ì., Şat, I. G., Beydemir, Ş., Elmastaş, M., & Küfrevioǧlu, Ö. I. (2004). Comparison of antioxidant activity of clove (Eugenia caryophylata Thunb) buds and lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.). Food Chemistry, 87(3), 393–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.12.008
Han, J., Lv, Q. Y., Jin, S. Y., Zhang, T. T., Jin, S. X., Li, X. Y., & Yuan, H. L. (2014). Comparison of anti-bacterial activity of three types of di-O-caffeoylquinic acids in Lonicera japonica flowers based on microcalorimetry. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 12(2), 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(14)60017-0
Intaningtyas, E. D., & Safitri, Y. D. (2023). Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Rebusan Batang, Bunga Dan Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Jurnal Farmasi Higea, 15(1). www.jurnalfarmasihigea.org
Kiki, M. J. (2023). In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Essential Oil. Molecules, 28(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062421
Nahrowi, F., Handayani, C. B., & Asmoro, N. W. (2023). Perbandingan Kualitas Minyak Atsiri Gagang Cengkeh Basah dan Kering (Eugenia Aromaticum) dari Hasil Metode Destilasi Uap Air. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Pangan, 8(1), 5985–5996.
Novianti, D. (2017). Potensi dan Pengembangan Jenis Tanaman Obat di Desa Meranjat Kecamatan Indralaya Selatan. Sainmatika, 14(1), 45–52.
Nzeako, B. C., N Al-Kharousi, Z. S., & Al-Mahrooqui, Z. (2006). Antimicrobial Activities of Clove and Thyme Extracts. Sutan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 6(1), 33–39.
Safitri, Y. D., Amalia, A., Fatimah, & Muadifah, A. (2022). The Identification of Antibacterial Compounds In Clov Stem Extract (Syzygium aromaticum) and Its Effectiveness in Inhibiting The Growth of Escherichia coli. JBIO: Jurnal Biosains (The Journal of Bioscience), 8(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v8i1.28089
