The Relationship Between Salted Fish Consumption Habits and the Incidence of Hypertension During Pregnancy in the Coastal Areas of Tuban Regency
Keywords:
Hypertension in pregnanc, salted fish consumption habits, coastal region, pregnant women, sodium
Abstract
Hypertension during pregnancy is a significant health issue and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women worldwide, with higher prevalence in regions of high sodium intake. In Indonesia, hypertension during pregnancy poses serious challenges, especially in coastal areas where salted fish is a common dietary staple. Salted fish, preserved through processes that increase sodium levels, can raise blood pressure when consumed excessively, elevating the risk of hypertension in pregnant women. This study examines the relationship between salted fish consumption habits and the incidence of hypertension during pregnancy in coastal regions of Tuban. The research employed an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 99 pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) visits at several coastal community health centers, using consecutive sampling conducted from July 29 to August 16, 2024. Information was gathered through questionnaires and medical records. The independent variable in this study was the habit of consuming salted fish, while the dependent variable was the incidence of hypertension during pregnancy. Data were analyzed using Fisher's Exact test with a significance level of α=0.05. The results showed a p-value of 0.000, indicating a statistically significant relationship between salted fish consumption and hypertension in pregnancy. The findings demonstrate that more frequent consumption of salted fish correlates with a higher risk of developing hypertension during pregnancy. These results highlight the need for dietary management, particularly in coastal communities, to reduce sodium intake and lower the risk of hypertension, ultimately improving maternal health outcomes.
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References
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Agnesha, F., & Rahardjo, S. (2018). Eclampsia and HELLP syndrome in early pregnancy: Diagnosis and anesthesia management. Jurnal Anestesi Obstetri Indonesia, 1(1), 40–46.
Agus, K., Setyawati, T., Ngatimin, D., & Liwang, M. N. I. (2022). Retinal detachment in a 32-year-old woman with a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension: A case report. Jurnal Medical Profession (Medpro), 4(2), 105–110.
Agustina, R., & Raharjo, B. (2015). Risk factors associated with hypertension among individuals of productive age (25–54 years). Unnes Journal of Public Health, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v4i4.9690
Akbar, M. I., Rodiani, R., & Putri, G. T. (2022). Pharmacological therapy for preeclampsia in pregnant women. Jurnal Agromedicine, 8(2).
Amanda, D., & Martini, S. (2018). The relationship between characteristics and central obesity status with hypertension incidence. Sumber, 160, 100.
Apriyani, M. T. P., Rahmawati, E., Qoiriyah, S., Dhamayanti, R., Anggraini, A., Andera, N. A., & Triguno, Y. (2022). Pregnancy complications and their management. Get Press.
Arikah, T., Rahardjo, T. B. W., & Widodo, S. (2020). Risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women at Kramat Jati Community Health Center, East Jakarta, in 2019. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 1(2), 115–124.
Astuti, V. W., Tasman, T., & Amri, L. F. (2021). Prevalence and risk factor analysis of hypertension in the working area of Nanggalo Health Center, Padang. BIMIKI (Berkala Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ilmu Keperawatan Indonesia), 9(1), 1–9.
Bartsch, E., Medcalf, K. E., Park, A. L., et al. (2016). Clinical risk factors for preeclampsia determined in early pregnancy: Systematic review and meta-analysis of large cohort studies. BMJ, 353, i1753.
Bilano, V. L., Ota, E., Ganchimeg, T., et al. (2014). Risk factors of preeclampsia/eclampsia and its adverse outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: A WHO secondary analysis. PLOS ONE, 9(3), e91198.
Burhanuddin, S. M., Krisnadi, S. R., & Pusianawati, D. (2018). Characteristics and outcomes of early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia at RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 1(2), 117–124.
Cahyani, R., Saraswati, L. D., & Ginandjar, P. (2019). Relationship between seafood consumption and hypertension in coastal communities in the working area of Mangkang Health Center, Semarang City. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 7(4), 743–748.
Dewi, N. (2023). The art of habit: Building your path to success. Jakarta: Al Khawarizmi.
Efendy, N., Siregar, P. A., & Fauzan, A. (2016). Elephantiasis in the cultural context of the Sula ethnic group. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius.
Erawati, D. (2022). The relationship between maternal age and preeclampsia at Kesongo Community Health Center, Kedungadem Sub-district, Bojonegoro [Doctoral dissertation, ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika].
Evertson, C. M., & Emmer, E. (2011). Classroom management for elementary school teachers. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Fahlepi, R. (2019). Epidemiology of hypertension based on salt consumption culture in the coastal area of Medan Belawan. BIMIKI, 1(7), 36–41.
Fitriani, M., Roziana, Y., & Yulianda, H. (2018). Description of sodium, fat, and fiber intake in hypertensive patients in Tanjung Gading Village, Indragiri Hulu Regency. Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan, 7(1).
Johariyah, J. (2023). Supporting factors and challenges in implementing community-based preeclampsia screening models: A qualitative study. Jurnal Kesehatan Al-Irsyad, 16(1), 73–86.
Karthikeyan, V. J. (2015). Hypertension in pregnancy. In S. Nadar & G. Y. H. Lip (Eds.), Hypertension (pp. 1–22). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). FactSheet Obesity: Obesity Information Kit. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Khosravi, S., Dabiran, S., Lotfi, M., et al. (2014). Study of the prevalence of hypertension and complications of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4, 860–867.
Kusumawati, R. D. (2023). Factors contributing to hypertension during pregnancy [Doctoral dissertation, ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika Jombang].
Lalenoh, D. C. (2018). Severe preeclampsia and eclampsia: Perioperative anesthesia management. Deepublish.
Leeman, L., Dresang, L. T., & Fontaine, P. (2016). Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. American Family Physician, 93(2), 121–127.
Leslie, D., & Collis, R. E. (2016). Hypertension in pregnancy. BJA Education, 16(1), 33–37.
Manuaba, I. A. C. (2019). Obstetrics, gynecology, and family planning for midwifery education. Jakarta: EGC.
Margarini, E., & Anindhita, M. (2021). 2021 World Preeclampsia Day celebration. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Retrieved from https://promkes.kemkes.go.id
Nugraha, R. I., Purnami, C. T., & Prasetijo, A. B. (2023). Risk factor analysis of preeclampsia in pregnant women in Madura: A literature review. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 6(9), 1735–1744.
Rahma, A., & Baskari, P. S. (2019). Measurement of body mass index, fat intake, and sodium intake related to hypertension in adults in Jombang Regency. Ghidza Media Jurnal, 1(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.30587/ghidzamediajurnal.v1i1.1080
Reny, R. D., Wahyhu, L. A., & Budhi, S. (2023). Evaluation of KBPPPK achievements compared to PB achievements of all methods in East Java in 2022. Jurnal Adijaya Multidisiplin, 1(3), 544–550.
https://doi.org/[DOI if available]
Rifah, M., Azza, A., & Kholifah, S. (2022). The relationship between cultural practices of food restrictions during pregnancy and the incidence of preeclampsia in the Tamanan Public Health Center area, Bondowoso Regency. [Journal details are incomplete, please add publication/journal and DOI if available].
Roberts, J. M., August, P. A., Bakris, G., Barton, J. R., Bernstein, I. M., Druzin, M., ... & Ngaiza, K. (2013). Hypertension in pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Rohmayanti, A., Wahyuni, F. A., & Tejamaya, M. (2020). Narrative review: The relationship between maternal mortality rate and risk factors of hypertension during pregnancy in Indonesia. [Journal/Proceeding details are incomplete, please add if available].
Rusliafa, J. (2014). Comparative study of hypertension in coastal and mountainous areas of Kendari City in 2014. [Undergraduate thesis, Hasanuddin University].
Seely, E. W., & Ecker, J. (2014). Chronic hypertension in pregnancy. Circulation, 129(12), 1254–1261. https://doi.org/[DOI if available]
Septica, R. I., Yusmein, U., & Bambang, S. (2015). Cerebrovascular pathophysiology and anesthetic implications in preeclampsia/eclampsia. Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia, 4(2), 134–148.
Septica, R. I., Yusmein, U., & Bambang, S. (2015). Cerebrovascular pathophysiology and anesthetic implications in preeclampsia/eclampsia. Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia, 4(2), 134–148.
Susanti, A. J., Yani, E. R., & Yudianti, I. (2022). Preeclampsia screening with mean arterial pressure (MAP). Jurnal Kebidanan Midwiferia, 8(1), 82–90.
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021). Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: A population-based study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 364. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03855-2
Xiao, H., Yan, Y., Gu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Strategy for sodium-salt substitution: On the relationship between hypertension and dietary intake of cations. Food Research International, 156, 110822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110822
Yamin, M. (2017). Strategies for effective teaching. Jakarta: Gaung Persada Press and Center for Learning Innovation (CLI).
Yulianda, H. (2021). The relationship between the frequency of salty food consumption and the incidence of hypertension among the elderly in Riau Province (Riskesdas 2018 data analysis)
