Effectiveness of Nutritional Counseling on Improving Dietary Compliance Among Pregnant Women
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54832/phj.v7i1.1296Keywords:
Dietary Compliance, Nutritional Counseling, Pregnant WomenAbstract
Introduction: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is critical in supporting maternal health and fetal development. However, many pregnant women do not adhere to recommended dietary practices, which may increase the risk of complications. Nutrition counseling has been proposed to improve compliance with healthy dietary behaviors.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition counseling on improving dietary compliance among pregnant women.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent pretest–posttest control group was employed. Forty pregnant women in their second and third trimesters were recruited and assigned to two groups: an intervention group receiving structured nutrition counseling and a control group receiving routine antenatal care. Dietary compliance was assessed using a validated questionnaire before and after a four-week intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests for within-group comparisons and independent t-tests for between-group differences.
Results: The intervention group showed a significant improvement in dietary compliance scores after counseling (mean increase 0.85, p < 0.005), whereas the control group demonstrated no significant change (mean increase 0.15, p = 0.120). Post-intervention comparisons indicated a significantly higher compliance score in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001; α<0.05).
Conclusions: Nutrition counseling was effective in enhancing dietary compliance among pregnant women. Integrating structured counseling into antenatal care has the potential to foster healthier eating behaviors, reduce pregnancy-related complications, and improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Further research is needed to examine long-term effects and its scalability in different healthcare settings.
Downloads
References
Afrilia, A., Safrida, Muliadi, T., & Putri, S. E. (2020). Effectiveness of Nutritional Counseling Using Booklet and Leaflet on Diet Compliance and Knowledge Level of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients At Meuraxa Hospital , Banda Aceh City. Medical Research, Nursing, Health, and Midwife Participation, 2, 171–184.
Antika, S., & Sartika, S. (2025). Efektivitas Intervensi Pendidikan Kesehatan Dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Gizi Pada Ibu Hamil : Systematic Literature Review. Online Journal System, 1(1), 11–19.
Castro-Barquero, S., Larroya, M., Crispi, F., Estruch, R., Nakaki, A., Paules, C., Ruiz-León, A. M., Sacanella, E., Freitas, T., Youssef, L., Benitez, L., Casas, I., Genero, M., Gomez, S., Casanovas-Garriga, F., Gratacós, E., Casas, R., & Crovetto, F. (2023). Diet quality and nutrient density in pregnant women according to adherence to Mediterranean diet. Frontiers in Public Health, 11(August), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144942
Caut, C., Leach, M., & Steel, A. (2020). Dietary guideline adherence during preconception and pregnancy: A systematic review. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 16(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12916
Dewidar, O., John, J., Baqar, A., Madani, M. T., Saad, A., Riddle, A., Ota, E., Kung’u, J. K., Arabi, M., Raut, M. K., Klobodu, S. S., Rowe, S., Hatchard, J., Busch‐Hallen, J., Jala, C., Wuehler, S., & Welch, V. (2023). Campbell Systematic Reviews - 2023 - Dewidar - Effectiveness of nutrition counseling for pregnant women in low‐ and.pdf. In Wiley Online Libraryileyonlinelibrary (pp. 1–89).
Dewidar, O., Saad, A., Baqar, A., John, J. C., Riddle, A., Ota, E., Kung’u, J. K., Arabi, M., Raut, M. K., Klobodu, S. S., Rowe, S., Busch-Hallen, J., Jalal, C. S. ., Wuehler, S., & Welch, V. (2021). PROTOCOL Effectiveness of interventions for people with disabilities in low‐.pdf. Campbell Collaboration, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1202
Fernández-Gómez, E., Luque-Vara, T., Moya-Fernández, P. J., López-Olivares, M., Gallardo-Vigil, M. Á., & Enrique-Mirón, C. (2020). Factors influencing dietary patterns during pregnancy in a culturally diverse society. Nutrients, 12(11), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113242
Fikadu, T., Tamiru, D., & Ademe, B. W. (2024). Factors associated with dietary patterns (DPS) and nutritional status among pregnant women in AM-HDSS, South Ethiopia. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11(September), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1443227
Juliastuti, D., Hendrayati, Mustamin, Suaib, F., & Sukmawati. (2024). Peran Konseling Gizi Dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Dan Asupan Gizi Ibu Hamil Kekurangan Energi Kronik (Kek). Media Gizi Pangan, 31(2), 222–231. https://doi.org/10.32382/mgp.v31i2.562
Kaleem, R., Adnan, M., Nasir, M., & Rahat, T. (2020). Effects of antenatal nutrition counselling on dietary practices and nutritional status of pregnant women: A quasi-experimental hospital based study. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(4), 632–636. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1919
Killel, E., McHau, G., Mbilikila, H., Azizi, K., Ngasa, N., Hancy, A., Lukindo, T., Mwiru, R., Noor, R., Sanga, A., Codjia, P., Leyna, G. H., & Masumo, R. M. (2024). Dietary intake and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Mbeya, Tanzania. PLOS Global Public Health, 4(1 January), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002529
Lina, Arbaiyah, & Meliani Sukmadewi Harahap. (2022). Relationship between Chronic Energy Deficiency and Compliance with Taking Fe Tablets with the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women at Kuala Simpang City Health Center Aceh Tamiang. Science Midwifery, 10(4), 3047–3052. https://doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v10i4.759
Luh Putu Febriana Putri, S., Khairul Abdi, L., Ketut Sri Sulendri, N., Susilo Wirawan, dan, Jurusan Gizi, A., Kemenkes Mataram, P., Jurusan Gizi, D., Jalan Praburangkasari Dasan Cermen, I., & Kota Mataram, S. (2018). Pengaruh Pemberian Konseling Gizi Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Dan Konsumsi Zat Gizi Ibu Hamil Anemia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pejeruk, Ampenan, Kota Mataram. Jurnal Gizi Prima, 3(1), 18–27.
Nadimin, N., Ipa, A., Hartono, R., & Aisy, N. R. (2024). Konseling Gizi Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Asupan Gizi Ibu Hamil. Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar, 19(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.32382/medkes.v19i1.632
Putri, I. A. C. (2019). Gambaran tingkat pengetahuan dan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet kalsium pada ibu hamil di poliklinik kebidanan RSD Mangusada kabupaten Badung. Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Kalsium Pada Ibu Hamil Di Poliklinik Kebidanan RSD Mangusada Kabupaten Badung, 9(3), 119–125.
Rahmannia, S., Murray, K., Arena, G., & Hickling, S. (2024). Dietary Guidelines for Pregnant and Lactating Women, Adherence Levels, and Associated Factors: a Scoping Review. Nutrition Research Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422424000283
RI, K. K. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2024. https://www.kemkes.go.id/
Rusman Efendi, Norhasanah, Siti Aisyah Solechah, & Nany Suryani. (2023). Effect of Counseling on Increasing Knowledge and Attitudes About Nutrition and Food Safety in Pregnant Women. Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi, 14(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.58185/jkr.v14i1.80
Suryaningrum, A., Firmansyah, Rakhma, L. R., & Soviana, E. (2024). the Effect of Providing Nutritional Counseling on the Level of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Compliance With Fe Tablets Consumption for Pregnant Women With Anemia in the Grogol Community Health Center Area. Media Gizi Indonesia, 19(1SP), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v19i1SP.8-19
WHO. (2023). World health statistics 2023: Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240074326
WHO. (2025). Anemia. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anaemia?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Zare, M., Olyaeemanesh, A., Torabi, P., Dolati, S., Fallah, H., Zabihi, M., Jafari, M., Kavoosi, E., Baghban, F., Shahsavani, Z., Maharat, M., Esmaillzadeh, A., Farshidi, H., Tabaeifard, R., & Azadbakht, L. (2025). Effectiveness of nutrition counseling in managing gestational weight gain and infant outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Nutrition, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01035-z
