Simulasi Virtual: Media Pembelajaran Pendamping Yang Potensial Meningkatkan Kemampuan Klinis Mahasiswa Keperawatan
Abstract
AbstractAdvances in technology and information affect education sector, one of them is the shift in learning methods that were initially fully face-to-face to digitalization in the form of virtual simulations. The use of virtual simulation still leaves a number of challenges, one of them is the problem of replacing face-to-face learning to virtual simulation completely. This study aims to examine virtual simulations as a learning media in improving nursing students' clinical competency. This study was a literature design review that refers to the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines (PRISMA). A total of 451 articles were obtained from Scopus (44), Google Scholar (334), and PubMed (73). The 11 selected articles were analyzed and trevealed that the combination of virtual simulations with traditional learning improved nursing students' clinical competency. Learning through virtual simulations provided an interesting experience through audio-visual that resembles real conditions so it increased the brain's ability to think at a higher level and prepare students to deal with real patients. When students were ready, traditional learning provides real-life experiences in clinical practice. Because students have previously been provided with cognitive and psychomotor competency through virtual simulations, traditional learning strengthen nursing students' clinical competency. So these two learning methods are a neat combination. But so far it seems that virtual simulation has not been able to completely replace traditional learning. Cross-sectoral coordination is needed to improve the quality of virtual simulation learning so that it is expected to improve nursing students’ clinical competency.
Abstrak
Kemajuan teknologi dan informasi turut mempengaruhi dunia pendidikan salah satunya adalah pergeseran metode pembelajaran yang awalnya sepenuhnya tatap muka menjadi digitalisasi berupa simulasi virtual. Penggunaan simulasi virtual masih menyisakan beberapa tantangan salah satunya adalah pertanyaan mengenai keandalan simulasi virtual dalam menggantikan pembelajaran tatap muka sepenuhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keandalan simulasi virtual sebagai metode pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan kemampuan klinis mahasiswa keperawatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain tinjauan literatur yang mengacu pada Preferred Reported Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines (PRISMA). Sejumlah 451 artikel diperoleh dari pangkalan data Scopus (44), Google Scholar (334), dan PubMed (73). 11 artikel terpilih selanjutnya dianalisis dan didapatkan hasil bahwa penggunaan simulasi virtual yang dikombinasikan dengan pembelajaran tradisional mampu meningkatkan kemampuan klinis mahasiswa keperawatan. Pembelajaran melalui simulasi virtual mampu memberikan pengalaman menarik melalui audio visual yang menyerupai kondisi nyata sehingga mampu meningkatkan kemampuan otak dalam high order thinking skills dan menyiapkan mahasiswa untuk menghadapi pasien yang sesungguhnya. Saat mahasiswa telah siap, pembelajaran tradisional memberikan pengalaman yang nyata dalam pelaksanaan tindakan klinis keperawatan. Karena mahasiswa sebelumnya telah dipersiapkan kemampuan kognitif dan psikomotor melalui simulasi virtual, pembelajaran tradisional menjadi sarana untuk memantapkan kemampuan klinis mahasiswa keperawatan. Sehingga kedua metode pembelajaran ini merupakan kombinasi yang apik. Namun sejauh ini nampaknya simulasi virtual belum mampu menggantikan pembelajaran tradisional sepenuhnya. Koordinasi lintas sektor dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran simulasi virtual sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kompetensi klinis mahasiswa keperawatan.
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