Relationship Between Fulfillment Of Pre-Operative Fluid Needs And The Incidence Of Nausea And Vomiting In Patients Post General Anesthesia At Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, East Java Province
Keywords:
Revised Trauma Score, mortality rate, head injury patients
Abstract
A head injury is scary. Head injuries can be fatal and require medical attention. Trauma severity evaluation helps clinicians make informed judgements, create effective treatment plans, reduce time and costs, and maybe prevent brain injury impairment and death. A comprehensive physiological grading system, the Revised Trauma Score evaluates human physiological function. This study examines the relationship between the Revised Trauma Score and head injury fatalities at RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. The research uses cross-sectional and observational correlation analytic methods. The study sampled 70 people incidentally. Used secondary data from observation sheets and medical records. The majority of 46 respondents (65.7%) had RTS scores of 11-12, indicating low brain injury. Despite the high mortality rate, 57 respondents (81.43%) survived. Spearman rank test two variables for correlation. The study found a 0.000 p-value between the RTS category and head injury mortality at RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. Lighter RTS categories have lower mortality rates, while heavier ones have higher rates. RTS's effectiveness in predicting head injury death needs further study.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Alghnam, S., Alkelya, M., Al-Bedah, K., & Al-Enazi, S. (2014). Burden of traumatic injuries in Saudi Arabia: lessons from a major trauma registry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med, 34, 291–296.
Alifariki, La Ode., et al. 2019. Epidemiology of Hypertension. LeotikaPrio Publisher
Alvarez, B. D., Razente, D. M., LacerDa, D. augusto M., Lother, N. silveira, VonBahten, luiz carlos, & StahlschMiDt, carla M. M. (2016). Analysis of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) in 200 victims of different trauma mechanisms. Rev. Col. Bras. Cir., 43(5), 334–340
Batticaca, F. B. (2018). Nursing Care for Clients with Disorders of the Broadcasting System. Salemba Medika.
Becher RD, Meredith JW, Kilgo PD. Injury Severity Scoring and outcome research. Trauma (7th ed). McGrawHill, 2013; pp. 77-90.
BPS. (2015). Land transportation statistics 2014. Indonesian Central Statistics Agency
Colantonio, A. (2016). Sex, Gender, and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Commentary. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(2, Supplement), S1–S4. https://doi.org/https://doi. org/10.1016/j.apmr.2015.12.002
Dahlan, M. S. (2012). Statistics for Medicine and Health: Descriptive, Bivariate, and Multivariate, Equipped with Applications Using SPSS. Jakarta: Salemba Medika
Donsu, J. D. T. 2016. Nursing Research Methodology. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Baru Press.
Endra, Febri B. S., dr., M.Kes. 2017. Research Methodology Guidelines. Sidoarjo : Zifatama Jawara Publisher.
Faqih, A.2010. Population Theory, Facts and Problems. Yogyakarta : Dee Publish
Faul M, Coronado V.Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;127:3-13. 10.
Fedakar R, Aydiner AH, Ercan I. 2007. A Comparison Of "Life Threatening Injury" Concept In The Turkish Penal Code And Trauma Scoring Systems. Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery, 13(3), 192- 198
Firmansyah, H., Nurwidiyanti, E., Cing, M.
T. G. C., Dewi, C. F., Vidigal, J. N.M., Dewi, E. U., Mohtar, M. S., Sukmawaty, M. N., Afrida, M., Islamarida, R., Pebrianti, D., Annisa, R., & Krowa, Y. R. R. (2021). Emergency and Disaster Nursing (A. Munandar (ed.)). Indonesian Science Media.
Frieden TR, Houry D, Baldwin G.Traumatic brain injuryin the United States:Epidemiologyandrehabilitatio n.CDCandNIHReportto Congress. 2015; 1–
74.9.
Howard R. Champion, F.R.C.S., F.A.C.S., William J. Sacco, PH.D., Wayne S.Copes, PH.D., Donald S. GANN, M.D., Thomas A. Gennarelli, M.D. and Maureen E. Flanagan, M.S. 1989. The Journal Of Trauma: A Revision Of The Trauma Score. The Williams & Wilkins Co. USA Vol 29 No.5
Hsu I, Li C, Chu D, et Chien D. An Epidemiological Analysis of Head Injuries in Taiwan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2018; 15, 2457;
doi:10.3390/ijerph15112457
I Made Sudarma Adiputra, Ni Wayan Trisnadewi Ni Putu Wiwik Oktaviani, Seri Asnawati Munthe Victor Trismanjaya Hulu, Indah Budiastutik, Ahmad Faridi Radeny Ramdany, Rosmauli Jerimia Fitriani, Putu Oky Ari Tania Baiq Fitria Rahmiati, Sanya Anda Lusiana Andi Susilawaty, Efendi Sianturi, Suryana. 2021. Health Research Methodology. Denpasar : Yayasan Kita Tulis
Irawan, H. Setiawan, F. Dewi. Dewanto, G. 2010. Comparison of Glasgow Coma Scale and Revised Trauma Score in Predicting Disability of Head Trauma Patients at Atma Jaya Hospital. Maj Kedokt Indon, 60(10), 437-442.
Jennings P. A critical appraisal of the revised trauma score. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine. 2004;II (1)Art 8
Jing-fen, J., Ju-fang, S., Xiao-jun, H., & Mei-qi, Y. (2006). Application of revised trauma evaluation program in emergency treatment of multiple injuries. Chinese Medical Journal, 119(5), 426–429.
Judha & Nazwar, 2018. Nervous System in Nursing Care : Gosyen Publishing : Yogyakarta.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Basic Health Research 2018.
Khayat, N.H. Sharifipoor, H. Rezaei M.A. Mohammadinia Neda. Darban Fatemeh. 2014. Correlation Of Revised Trauma Score With Mortality Rate Of Traumatic Patients Within The First 24 Hours Of Hospitalization. ZJRMS, 16(11), 33-36.
Kristanto, V. H. (2018). Research Methodology Guidelines for Writing Scientific Papers (KTI) (first). Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Kung, Woon-Man, Tsai, Shin-Han, Chiu, WenTa, Hung, Kuo-Sheng, Wang, Shin-Ping, Lin, Jia-Wei, & Lin, Muh-shi. (2011). Correlation between Glasgow coma score components and survival in patients with traumatic brain injury. Injury, 42(9), 940-
944. Doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2010.09. 019
Lagarde, E. (2019). Road traffic injuries. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-
63951- 6.00623-9
Lahdimawan ITF. Suhendar A. Wasilah S. The Relationship between Helmet Use and the Severity of Head Injuries Due to Land Traffic Accidents at Ulin Hospital in May and July 2013. Periodical Medicine 2014; 10:51 PM
63.
Lapau, P. D. B. 2012. Health Research Methods: Scientific Methods for Writing Thesis, Thesis and Dissertation. Jakarta: Pustaka Obor Foundation
Lapau, P. D. B. 2015. Midwifery Research Methodology: Guidelines for Writing Protocols and Research Results Reports (first). Jakarta: Pustaka Obor Foundation.
Mahoklory, Serly Sani. 2021. Care Bundle Management in Head Injury Patients. Jakarta : NEM
Malisa, Novi. DamayantiGoddess. Daughter Perdani, Zulia., Darmayanti, Darmayanti., YulianHeiwerMatongka, TriSuwarto, Come aMaxmilaYocheArkianti, AbdiTallulemba Ng, Septian Andriyani, Rifki Sakinah Nompo. 2021. Nursing Process and Physical Examination. Medan: Yayasan Kita Tulis.
Mapagresuka, Iseu. W. Abdurahman. H. I. (2019). No Title. Comparison Of National Early Warning Score (News) And Revised Trauma Score (Rts) In The Outcome Prediction Of Head Injury Patients, 7(Nursing), 145–159
Marbun, Agnes S., Sinuraya, E., Amila, Simanjuntak, G.V., 2020. Head Injury Management. Malang : Ahlimedia Press
Maulida, A. N., Health, F. I., Islamic Boarding School, U., Darul, T., & Jombang, U. (2019). Analysis of Triage Assessment and Revised Trauma Score In. 3(2), 119–129.
Munandar, Arif., Martini, Made., Suparti, Sri., et al., 2022. Emergency Nursing and Critical Nursing. Bandung : Indonesian Science Media
Nugraha, Dyan Fitri. 2022. Brief Pharmacology: Hypertension and Dyslipidemia. Banjarmasin : NEM Publisher
PandorA,GoodacreS,HarnanS,Holmes M,PickeringA,FitzgeraldP, Rees A, StevensonM. Diagnostic management strategies for adults and children with minor head injury:a systematic review and an economicevaluation. HealthTechnolAssess. 2011; 15(27):1–202
Prasetyaningrum, Y. I. (2014). Hypertension is not to be feared. Jakarta: FMedia.
Prawito., Samito, Nanang Bagus. 2021. Trauma Module and Identification of Its Severity. Malang : CV. Literacy of the Eternal Nusantara
Putra, M. B. (2019). Characteristics of head injury patients in Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Umbu Rara Meha Waingapu for the period of January 1, 2017 -December 31, 2018. Essence of Medical Sciences, 10(2).https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v10i2.4 35
Ranti, J. S. R., Sapan, H. B., & Kalesaran,
L. T. B. (2016). Application of revised trauma score, injury severity score, and trauma and injury severity score in predicting mortality in multitrauma patients at IRDB BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Journal of Biomedicine (JBM), 8(2), 30– 35.https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.8.2.2016.1 2699
Ranti, J. S. R., Sapan, H. B., & Kalesaran,
L. T. B. (2016). Application of revised trauma score, injury severity score, and trauma and injury severity score in predicting mortality in multitrauma patients at IRDB BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Journal of Biomedicine (Jbm), 8(2), 30– 35.https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.8.2.2016.1 2699
Rapsang, A. G., & Shyam, D. C. (2015). Scoring Systems of Severity in Patients with Multiple Trauma. Cirugía Española (English Edition), 93(4), 213-221. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cireng.2013.12. 031
Rawis LM, Lalenob DC, Kumaat LT. Profile of moderate and severe head injury patients admitted to ICU and HCU. Journal of eCl. 2016 Dec. 4(2).
Rawis, M. L., Ch Lalenoh, D., & Kumaat, L. T. (2016). Profile of moderate and severe head injury patients admitted to ICU and HCU. In Journal of e-Clinic (eCl) (Vol. 4, Issue 2).
Riduansyah, M., Zulfadhilah, M., & Annisa, A. (2021). An overview of the level of consciousness of head injury patients using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Journal of the Indonesian National Nurses Association (JPPNI), 5(3), 137.
https://doi.org/10.32419/jppni.v5i3.236
Ristanto, R., Indra, M. R. I., Poeranto, S., & Setyorini, I. (2016). Accuracy of Revised Trauma Score as a Predictor of Mortality of Head Injury Patients. Hesti Wira Sakti Health Journal, 4(2), 76–90.
Ristanto, Riski Comparative et al. (2017). Analysis Of Accuracy Among Glasgow Coma Scale, Trauma Score, And Revised trauma score As Predictors Of Mortality Head Injury Patients. Journal of Nursing. Vol. 5, No. 2
Salim, Carolina.2015. Trauma Assessment System. SMF Surgery dr. Drajat Prawiranegara Hospital.42(9).702-708
Saryono, & Anggraeni, M. D. (2013). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodology in the Health Sector. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika
Saudin, D, & Mukamad, R 2017, Application of Revised Trauma Score (RTS) Trauma Assessment System to Determine Mortality of Trauma Patients in Emergency Installation Triage, Health Journal of Hesti Wira Sakti, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 12 15
Saudin, D., & Rajin, M. (2020). Application of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) Trauma Assessment System to Determine Mortality of Trauma Patients in Triage. Journal of Nursing, 12–15. Journal.poltekkes- soepraoen.ac.id
Saudin, D., & Rajin, M. (2020). Application of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) Trauma Assessment System to Determine Mortality of Trauma Patients in Triage. Journal of Nursing, 12–15 soepraoen.ac.id.
Setiadi. 2013. Concept and Practice of Nursing Research Writing. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu
Siahaya, N., Huwae, L. B. S., Angkejaya, O. W., Bension, J. B., & Tuamelly, J. (2020). The prevalence of head injury cases based on the classification of severity in inpatients at Dr. M . Faculty of Medicine, Pattimura University, Surgery Department, Dr. M . Haulussy Ambon Corresponding author e-mail : [email protected]. 12.
Sloan E P., Max Koenigsberg, James M. Clark, Amol Desai. 2012. The Use of the revised trauma score as an entry criterion in traumatic hemorragic shock studies: Data from the dclhb clinical trials. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine.
Song SY, Lee SK, Eom KS. Analysis of Mortality and Epidemiology in 2617 Cases of Traumatic Brain Injury : Korean NeuroTrauma Data Bank System 2010– 2014. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2016; 59 (5)
: 485- 491
Staerkeby M. Estimating Time of Death with Forensic Entomology [homepage on theinternet. Oslo: OsloUniversity; c2004[cite d2012]. Availlablefrom:http://folk.uio.no/m ostarke/forens_ent/forensic_entomol_p mi.shtml
Sugiyono. 2015. Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Bandung
: ALFABETA
Sujarweni, V. W. 2014. Nursing Research Methodology. Yogyakarta: Gava Media.
Suyanto. 2009. Midwifery Research Methodology & Application. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.
Swarjana, I Ketut Swarjana. 2015. Health Research Methods (Revised Edition). Yogyakarta: Andi, Member of IKAPI
Ting Hsien-Wei, Chen Ming-Shung, Hsieh, Yueh-Chun, & Chan, Chien-Lung. (2010). Good Mortality Prediction by Glasgow Coma Scale for Neurosurgical Patients. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 73(3), 139-143. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1726- 4901(10)70028-9.
Tjahjadi, M., Arifin, M. Z., Gill, A. S., & Faried, A. (2013). Early mortality predictor of severe traumatic brain injury: A single center study of prognostic variables based on admission characteristics. The Indian Journal of Neurotrauma, 10(1), 3-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnt.2013.04.00.
Law Republic Indonesia Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health,
Article 117
Wahjoepramono EJ. Head injury. Lippo Karawaci : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan; pp. 1-6
Wisnasari, Shila., Wiji Utami, Yulian.,Hadi Susanto, Akhiyan., Sari Dewi, Elvira.2021. Basics – Foundations for Professional Nursing Practice. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press
World Health Organization. Neurological Disorders: public health challenges Geneva: WHO Press; 2006
Alifariki, La Ode., et al. 2019. Epidemiology of Hypertension. LeotikaPrio Publisher
Alvarez, B. D., Razente, D. M., LacerDa, D. augusto M., Lother, N. silveira, VonBahten, luiz carlos, & StahlschMiDt, carla M. M. (2016). Analysis of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) in 200 victims of different trauma mechanisms. Rev. Col. Bras. Cir., 43(5), 334–340
Batticaca, F. B. (2018). Nursing Care for Clients with Disorders of the Broadcasting System. Salemba Medika.
Becher RD, Meredith JW, Kilgo PD. Injury Severity Scoring and outcome research. Trauma (7th ed). McGrawHill, 2013; pp. 77-90.
BPS. (2015). Land transportation statistics 2014. Indonesian Central Statistics Agency
Colantonio, A. (2016). Sex, Gender, and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Commentary. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(2, Supplement), S1–S4. https://doi.org/https://doi. org/10.1016/j.apmr.2015.12.002
Dahlan, M. S. (2012). Statistics for Medicine and Health: Descriptive, Bivariate, and Multivariate, Equipped with Applications Using SPSS. Jakarta: Salemba Medika
Donsu, J. D. T. 2016. Nursing Research Methodology. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Baru Press.
Endra, Febri B. S., dr., M.Kes. 2017. Research Methodology Guidelines. Sidoarjo : Zifatama Jawara Publisher.
Faqih, A.2010. Population Theory, Facts and Problems. Yogyakarta : Dee Publish
Faul M, Coronado V.Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;127:3-13. 10.
Fedakar R, Aydiner AH, Ercan I. 2007. A Comparison Of "Life Threatening Injury" Concept In The Turkish Penal Code And Trauma Scoring Systems. Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery, 13(3), 192- 198
Firmansyah, H., Nurwidiyanti, E., Cing, M.
T. G. C., Dewi, C. F., Vidigal, J. N.M., Dewi, E. U., Mohtar, M. S., Sukmawaty, M. N., Afrida, M., Islamarida, R., Pebrianti, D., Annisa, R., & Krowa, Y. R. R. (2021). Emergency and Disaster Nursing (A. Munandar (ed.)). Indonesian Science Media.
Frieden TR, Houry D, Baldwin G.Traumatic brain injuryin the United States:Epidemiologyandrehabilitatio n.CDCandNIHReportto Congress. 2015; 1–
74.9.
Howard R. Champion, F.R.C.S., F.A.C.S., William J. Sacco, PH.D., Wayne S.Copes, PH.D., Donald S. GANN, M.D., Thomas A. Gennarelli, M.D. and Maureen E. Flanagan, M.S. 1989. The Journal Of Trauma: A Revision Of The Trauma Score. The Williams & Wilkins Co. USA Vol 29 No.5
Hsu I, Li C, Chu D, et Chien D. An Epidemiological Analysis of Head Injuries in Taiwan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2018; 15, 2457;
doi:10.3390/ijerph15112457
I Made Sudarma Adiputra, Ni Wayan Trisnadewi Ni Putu Wiwik Oktaviani, Seri Asnawati Munthe Victor Trismanjaya Hulu, Indah Budiastutik, Ahmad Faridi Radeny Ramdany, Rosmauli Jerimia Fitriani, Putu Oky Ari Tania Baiq Fitria Rahmiati, Sanya Anda Lusiana Andi Susilawaty, Efendi Sianturi, Suryana. 2021. Health Research Methodology. Denpasar : Yayasan Kita Tulis
Irawan, H. Setiawan, F. Dewi. Dewanto, G. 2010. Comparison of Glasgow Coma Scale and Revised Trauma Score in Predicting Disability of Head Trauma Patients at Atma Jaya Hospital. Maj Kedokt Indon, 60(10), 437-442.
Jennings P. A critical appraisal of the revised trauma score. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine. 2004;II (1)Art 8
Jing-fen, J., Ju-fang, S., Xiao-jun, H., & Mei-qi, Y. (2006). Application of revised trauma evaluation program in emergency treatment of multiple injuries. Chinese Medical Journal, 119(5), 426–429.
Judha & Nazwar, 2018. Nervous System in Nursing Care : Gosyen Publishing : Yogyakarta.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Basic Health Research 2018.
Khayat, N.H. Sharifipoor, H. Rezaei M.A. Mohammadinia Neda. Darban Fatemeh. 2014. Correlation Of Revised Trauma Score With Mortality Rate Of Traumatic Patients Within The First 24 Hours Of Hospitalization. ZJRMS, 16(11), 33-36.
Kristanto, V. H. (2018). Research Methodology Guidelines for Writing Scientific Papers (KTI) (first). Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Kung, Woon-Man, Tsai, Shin-Han, Chiu, WenTa, Hung, Kuo-Sheng, Wang, Shin-Ping, Lin, Jia-Wei, & Lin, Muh-shi. (2011). Correlation between Glasgow coma score components and survival in patients with traumatic brain injury. Injury, 42(9), 940-
944. Doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2010.09. 019
Lagarde, E. (2019). Road traffic injuries. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-
63951- 6.00623-9
Lahdimawan ITF. Suhendar A. Wasilah S. The Relationship between Helmet Use and the Severity of Head Injuries Due to Land Traffic Accidents at Ulin Hospital in May and July 2013. Periodical Medicine 2014; 10:51 PM
63.
Lapau, P. D. B. 2012. Health Research Methods: Scientific Methods for Writing Thesis, Thesis and Dissertation. Jakarta: Pustaka Obor Foundation
Lapau, P. D. B. 2015. Midwifery Research Methodology: Guidelines for Writing Protocols and Research Results Reports (first). Jakarta: Pustaka Obor Foundation.
Mahoklory, Serly Sani. 2021. Care Bundle Management in Head Injury Patients. Jakarta : NEM
Malisa, Novi. DamayantiGoddess. Daughter Perdani, Zulia., Darmayanti, Darmayanti., YulianHeiwerMatongka, TriSuwarto, Come aMaxmilaYocheArkianti, AbdiTallulemba Ng, Septian Andriyani, Rifki Sakinah Nompo. 2021. Nursing Process and Physical Examination. Medan: Yayasan Kita Tulis.
Mapagresuka, Iseu. W. Abdurahman. H. I. (2019). No Title. Comparison Of National Early Warning Score (News) And Revised Trauma Score (Rts) In The Outcome Prediction Of Head Injury Patients, 7(Nursing), 145–159
Marbun, Agnes S., Sinuraya, E., Amila, Simanjuntak, G.V., 2020. Head Injury Management. Malang : Ahlimedia Press
Maulida, A. N., Health, F. I., Islamic Boarding School, U., Darul, T., & Jombang, U. (2019). Analysis of Triage Assessment and Revised Trauma Score In. 3(2), 119–129.
Munandar, Arif., Martini, Made., Suparti, Sri., et al., 2022. Emergency Nursing and Critical Nursing. Bandung : Indonesian Science Media
Nugraha, Dyan Fitri. 2022. Brief Pharmacology: Hypertension and Dyslipidemia. Banjarmasin : NEM Publisher
PandorA,GoodacreS,HarnanS,Holmes M,PickeringA,FitzgeraldP, Rees A, StevensonM. Diagnostic management strategies for adults and children with minor head injury:a systematic review and an economicevaluation. HealthTechnolAssess. 2011; 15(27):1–202
Prasetyaningrum, Y. I. (2014). Hypertension is not to be feared. Jakarta: FMedia.
Prawito., Samito, Nanang Bagus. 2021. Trauma Module and Identification of Its Severity. Malang : CV. Literacy of the Eternal Nusantara
Putra, M. B. (2019). Characteristics of head injury patients in Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Umbu Rara Meha Waingapu for the period of January 1, 2017 -December 31, 2018. Essence of Medical Sciences, 10(2).https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v10i2.4 35
Ranti, J. S. R., Sapan, H. B., & Kalesaran,
L. T. B. (2016). Application of revised trauma score, injury severity score, and trauma and injury severity score in predicting mortality in multitrauma patients at IRDB BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Journal of Biomedicine (JBM), 8(2), 30– 35.https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.8.2.2016.1 2699
Ranti, J. S. R., Sapan, H. B., & Kalesaran,
L. T. B. (2016). Application of revised trauma score, injury severity score, and trauma and injury severity score in predicting mortality in multitrauma patients at IRDB BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Journal of Biomedicine (Jbm), 8(2), 30– 35.https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.8.2.2016.1 2699
Rapsang, A. G., & Shyam, D. C. (2015). Scoring Systems of Severity in Patients with Multiple Trauma. Cirugía Española (English Edition), 93(4), 213-221. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cireng.2013.12. 031
Rawis LM, Lalenob DC, Kumaat LT. Profile of moderate and severe head injury patients admitted to ICU and HCU. Journal of eCl. 2016 Dec. 4(2).
Rawis, M. L., Ch Lalenoh, D., & Kumaat, L. T. (2016). Profile of moderate and severe head injury patients admitted to ICU and HCU. In Journal of e-Clinic (eCl) (Vol. 4, Issue 2).
Riduansyah, M., Zulfadhilah, M., & Annisa, A. (2021). An overview of the level of consciousness of head injury patients using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Journal of the Indonesian National Nurses Association (JPPNI), 5(3), 137.
https://doi.org/10.32419/jppni.v5i3.236
Ristanto, R., Indra, M. R. I., Poeranto, S., & Setyorini, I. (2016). Accuracy of Revised Trauma Score as a Predictor of Mortality of Head Injury Patients. Hesti Wira Sakti Health Journal, 4(2), 76–90.
Ristanto, Riski Comparative et al. (2017). Analysis Of Accuracy Among Glasgow Coma Scale, Trauma Score, And Revised trauma score As Predictors Of Mortality Head Injury Patients. Journal of Nursing. Vol. 5, No. 2
Salim, Carolina.2015. Trauma Assessment System. SMF Surgery dr. Drajat Prawiranegara Hospital.42(9).702-708
Saryono, & Anggraeni, M. D. (2013). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodology in the Health Sector. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika
Saudin, D, & Mukamad, R 2017, Application of Revised Trauma Score (RTS) Trauma Assessment System to Determine Mortality of Trauma Patients in Emergency Installation Triage, Health Journal of Hesti Wira Sakti, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 12 15
Saudin, D., & Rajin, M. (2020). Application of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) Trauma Assessment System to Determine Mortality of Trauma Patients in Triage. Journal of Nursing, 12–15. Journal.poltekkes- soepraoen.ac.id
Saudin, D., & Rajin, M. (2020). Application of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) Trauma Assessment System to Determine Mortality of Trauma Patients in Triage. Journal of Nursing, 12–15 soepraoen.ac.id.
Setiadi. 2013. Concept and Practice of Nursing Research Writing. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu
Siahaya, N., Huwae, L. B. S., Angkejaya, O. W., Bension, J. B., & Tuamelly, J. (2020). The prevalence of head injury cases based on the classification of severity in inpatients at Dr. M . Faculty of Medicine, Pattimura University, Surgery Department, Dr. M . Haulussy Ambon Corresponding author e-mail : [email protected]. 12.
Sloan E P., Max Koenigsberg, James M. Clark, Amol Desai. 2012. The Use of the revised trauma score as an entry criterion in traumatic hemorragic shock studies: Data from the dclhb clinical trials. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine.
Song SY, Lee SK, Eom KS. Analysis of Mortality and Epidemiology in 2617 Cases of Traumatic Brain Injury : Korean NeuroTrauma Data Bank System 2010– 2014. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2016; 59 (5)
: 485- 491
Staerkeby M. Estimating Time of Death with Forensic Entomology [homepage on theinternet. Oslo: OsloUniversity; c2004[cite d2012]. Availlablefrom:http://folk.uio.no/m ostarke/forens_ent/forensic_entomol_p mi.shtml
Sugiyono. 2015. Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Bandung
: ALFABETA
Sujarweni, V. W. 2014. Nursing Research Methodology. Yogyakarta: Gava Media.
Suyanto. 2009. Midwifery Research Methodology & Application. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.
Swarjana, I Ketut Swarjana. 2015. Health Research Methods (Revised Edition). Yogyakarta: Andi, Member of IKAPI
Ting Hsien-Wei, Chen Ming-Shung, Hsieh, Yueh-Chun, & Chan, Chien-Lung. (2010). Good Mortality Prediction by Glasgow Coma Scale for Neurosurgical Patients. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 73(3), 139-143. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1726- 4901(10)70028-9.
Tjahjadi, M., Arifin, M. Z., Gill, A. S., & Faried, A. (2013). Early mortality predictor of severe traumatic brain injury: A single center study of prognostic variables based on admission characteristics. The Indian Journal of Neurotrauma, 10(1), 3-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnt.2013.04.00.
Law Republic Indonesia Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health,
Article 117
Wahjoepramono EJ. Head injury. Lippo Karawaci : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan; pp. 1-6
Wisnasari, Shila., Wiji Utami, Yulian.,Hadi Susanto, Akhiyan., Sari Dewi, Elvira.2021. Basics – Foundations for Professional Nursing Practice. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press
World Health Organization. Neurological Disorders: public health challenges Geneva: WHO Press; 2006
Published
2024-11-22
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Wahyu Triono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
